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![]() ![]() The Fourth War was the first experienced under British rule. Start of British involvement Fourth War (1811–1812) The commandos could achieve no result, so in February 1803 a peace was arranged, leaving the Xhosas still in Zuurveld. In 1801, another Graaff-Reinet rebellion started forcing more Khoi desertions and farm abandonments. The government then made peace with the Xhosa and allowed them to stay in Zuurveld. Commandos from Graaf-Reinet and Swellendam then started fighting in a string of clashes. Discontented Khoikhoi then revolted, joined with the Xhosa in the Zuurveld, and started attacking, raiding farms occupied by European and Dutch settlers, reaching Oudtshoorn by July 1799. The third war started in January 1799 with a Xhosa rebellion that General T. Some frontiersmen, under Barend Lindeque, allied themselves with Ndlambe (regent of the Western Xhosas) to repel the Gqunukhwebe. It started when the Gqunukhwebe clans of the Xhosa started to penetrate back into the Zuurveld, a district between the Great Fish and the Sundays Rivers. The second war involved a larger territory. A large amount of the Xhosa population west of the river became dispersed and Van Jaarsveld disbanded his commandoes on July 19, 1781, feeling as if he fulfilled his job at expelling the Xhosa although many of them were able to move back into the area soon after. Soon after this, the Van Jaarsveld commandoes began attacking and looting the cattle of multiple other chiefdoms in the Zuurveld which included the amaGwali, amaNtinde, and amaMbalu. While some were distracted picking up the tobacco, Van Jaarsveld and his gunmen proceeded to shoot at them leading to a death toll of anywhere from 100 to 200, including Jalamba. During the meeting he scattered large amounts of tobacco around and let the Xhosa have it. When the imiDange refused to move, Van Jaarsveld and his commandoes had their chief, Jalamba, agree to another meeting for discussions. This led to multiple attacks by the commandoes to forcefully remove Xhosa polities out of the area. Van Plettenberg appointed Adreaan Van Jaarsveld to lead commandoes to force the Xhosa to move east of the river, if they were unresponsive to requests to do so. In November 1780, the Cape governor, Baron van Plettenberg declared that the eastern border of the Cape colony was the entire length of the Great Fish river despite that many Xhosa polities were already established west of the river, and no negotiations revolving around this decision were made with them before so. In December 1779, an armed clash occurred, resulting from allegations of cattle theft by Xhosa people. The First Frontier War broke out in 1779 between Boer frontiersmen and the Xhosa. The Dutch East India Company had demarcated the Great Fish River as the eastern boundary of the colony in 1779, though this was ignored by many settlers, leading to the First Cape Frontier War breaking out. The Xhosa were already established in the area and herded cattle, which led to tensions between them and the colonists these tensions were the primary reason for the Cape Frontier Wars. īy the second half of the 18th century, European colonists gradually expanded eastward up the coast and encountered the Xhosa in the region of the Great Fish River. Colonial expansion from the Cape into the valleys led to the Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars between encroaching trekboers and the Khoekhoe. Quickly expanding as a result of increasing numbers of Dutch, German, Huguenot and Irish immigrants, the supply station soon expanded into a burgeoning settler colony. The first European colonial settlement in modern-day South Africa was a small supply station established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652 at present-day Cape Town as a place for their merchant ships to resupply en route to and from the East Indies and Japan. Map of the Cape Colony in 1809, showing its eastward expansion 7.4 British counter-attack (January 1851).7.2 The Outbreak of War (December 1850).5 Interlude: Stockenström's treaty system. ![]()
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